Definition of Entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, and Entrepreneurial Entrepreneur

Thursday, November 4, 2010 13:17

These last few years, said the talks entrepreneurship at the university. This is not apart from the phenomenon of many college graduates are unemployed, because the number of graduates is not comparable with the available jobs. These conditions encourage the practitioners in higher education to reorient towards graduates who judged solely prepared as job seekers instead of job creators. Read more…..

The term entrepreneurship first introduced by Richard Cantillon, an Irish economist who resided in France in the 18th century. He defined entrepreneurship as, "The agent WHO Buys cerium means of production at prices in order to combine Them into a new product." He stated that the entrepreneur is a risk taker. Not long after JB Say and the French perfected Cantillon definition becomes, "One WHO Brings together other people in order to build a single productive organism." Occupies an entrepreneur means a broader function. namely a mcngorganisasikan others for productive activities.

Definition of Entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, and Entrepreneurial Entrepreneur
Thursday, November 4, 2010 13:17 https://sites.google.com/site/businessentrepreneurial/arti/definition-of-entrepreneurship
http://beighar-business-solution.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-of-entrepreneurship.html
These last few years, said the talks entrepreneurship at the university. This is not apart from the phenomenon of many college graduates are unemployed, because the number of graduates is not comparable with the available jobs. These conditions encourage the practitioners in higher education to reorient towards graduates who judged solely prepared as job seekers instead of job creators. Read more…..

The term entrepreneurship first introduced by Richard Cantillon, an Irish economist who resided in France in the 18th century. He defined entrepreneurship as, "The agent WHO Buys cerium means of production at prices in order to combine Them into a new product." He stated that the entrepreneur is a risk taker. Not long after JB Say and the French perfected Cantillon definition becomes, "One WHO Brings together other people in order to build a single productive organism." Occupies an entrepreneur means a broader function. namely a mcngorganisasikan others for productive activities.

New single next century British economist Adam Smith sepenti and John Stuart Mill discusses this concept and stated that entrepreneurship is an unusual skill, but did not find the right term in English. Smith and Mill called it, business management. John Stuart Mill mcmisahkan entrepreneur function between the receive and who receive interest income. Extended again by the Schumpeter who put human beings as the central factors of economic development process. In the process the entrepreneur to innovate in a way or product. and exploitation of new sources.

Currently, there is confusion between the terms entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, and entrepreneurial, and entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurship is the soul of an entrepreneur who built for the bridge between science with the ability of the market. Entrepreneurship involves the formation of new companies, activities and managerial skills needed an entrepreneur.

Intrapreneurship is defined as an entrepreneur is happening in the organization which is a science to bridge the gap between market demand.

Medium, entrepreneur is defined as someone who brings the resources of labor, materials, and other assets in a combination that adds greater value than ever before, and also attached to the people who bring change, innovation, and new rules. Meanwhile, the term is the entrepreneurial activity in conducting business.

*) Excerpted from Hisrich, RD et al., 2005. Entrepreneurship. sixth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill

 

Entrepreneurial Mindset

According McGraith & Mac Millan (2000), there are seven basic characteristics that need to be owned by each prospective entrepreneurs. The seven characters are as follows.
1. Action oriented. Not the type of delay, wait and see, or let something (an opportunity) pass. He did not wait until things clear first, or his budget is first. He also did not wait for the uncertainty to go first, then try. These are people who want immediate action, although the situation is uncertain (uncertain). Read more….. The principle that they profess is see and do. For them, risk is not to be avoided, but to be faced and conquered by the actions and shrewdness.
2. Think simple. Although the world has been turned into a very complex, they always learn to simplify. And despite the high knowledge, they are not human beings are complicated and require technically complex job. They see problems clearly and solve problems one by one gradually.
3. They are always looking for new opportunities. Is it a business opportunity that is really new, or the chance of the same business. For new businesses, they are always willing to learn a new one, forming a network from below and add to the landscape or its business scope. Meanwhile, in the same business, they are always keen to find new alternatives, such as model, design, platform, raw materials, energy, packaging, and production cost structure. They took advantage not only of business or new products, but also from new ways.
4. Pursuing opportunities with high discipline. An entrepreneur not only alert, have a keen eye in seeing the opportunities or have a strong smell of the existence of the opportunity, but they are moving in that direction. Opportunities not only sought, but were created, opened, and clarified. Because entrepreneurs to invest and bear risk, then an entrepreneur must have high discipline. Entrepreneurs will be successful is not lazy or procrastinators work. They want
job done, and what is thought to be run immediately. They competed with time because the opportunity is always associated with time. What are the opportunities at a time, not necessarily still be opportunities in the future. Once the opportunity was lost, not necessarily going to come back again. Any brilliant ideas and innovation are to be built from the ground and prepared the entire value chain (value chain).
5. Just take the best opportunities. An entrepreneur will be very alert and have a keen sense of smell in time. In contrast to the beginner who has not been trained and are still confused, then trained entrepreneurs will quickly read opportunities. However, a true entrepreneur will only take the best opportunities. Size of pull it is on economic values contained therein, a brighter future, the ability to demonstrate achievement, and
the resulting changes. All of that usually associated with "liking" of the business object or a belief that he was "able" to make it happen. Ultimately, the success achieved by each person is determined by success in selecting that person.
Success = (choice)
Success is a function of the success of the vote. Whether choosing a school, career, business, friend, spouse, employees / executives, business partners, and so forth. The best choice will determine the outcome can be achieved.
6. Focus on execution. Entrepreneurship is not the only one who wrestled with thoughts, reflect or test the hypothesis, but rather a focus on execution. They do not want to stop the exploitation of the mind or thoughts swirling in full of doubt. "A man with an entrepreneurial mindset to execute, namely to act and realize what he was thinking rather than analyzing new ideas to death" (McGraith and Mac Millan, 2000, hlm.3). They are also adaptive to the situation, that is easy to adjust to new facts or difficulties in the field.
7. Focusing the energy of each person in a business that was involved. An entrepreneur does not work alone. He uses his hands and minds of many, both from within and outside the company. They build networks instead of doing all his own dreams. Like a conductor orkestrator or music, he gathered musicians who are experts in playing different instruments to generate musical tones of a preferred audience. For that, he must have the ability to gather people, build networks, led, motion unite, motivate, and communicate.
That's the basic characters are referred to as the entrepreneurial mindset.
Rewritten by Setyono (Member Mailing TDA) of the book Entrepreneurship Module to Strata Program 1. Author Prof. Rhenald Kasali, Ph.D. et al.

Entrepreneurial Leadership?
Wednesday, November 28, 2007 https://sites.google.com/site/businessentrepreneurial/arti/entrepreneurial-leadership
In a discussion in Jakarta recently, V. Winarno, Ph.D., Chairman PPM School of Management, citing a conclusion most modern management guru Peter Drucker. According to Drucker, the management-based economic era has ended, and we are now moving into the era of economy based on entrepreneurship. One of the reasons mentioned is because management emphasize rational thought pattern for the organization survive. Thus management, Read more…..which by Winarno identified with bureaucracy, order, rules and procedures, not infrequently make organizational changes slow to answer. This delay is often not satisfying customers and will ultimately harm the organization. In this context, an economy based entrepreneurship felt better, because everyone is given the opportunity to do the best in quick time.
The theme of discussion at that time is From Entrepreneur to intrapreneur: How to Institutionalize Creativity, Innovations, and intrapreneurship in Your Company. In this theme seemed no hope to find some way for the entrepreneurial spirit of individuals [usually the founder of a business organization] can be passed or be accommodated Systemic into a system of organization and form what could be called as an entrepreneurial organization. It required a number of intra-corporate entrepreneur aka intrapreneurs [entrepreneur within the organization]. And they are expected to play a role as this intrapreneurs [who else if not] the managers, especially in the middle layer. These are expected to perform a variety of entrepreneurial activities within the organization.
In these discussions, was present Widyarto Wiwied Marius, CEO of PT Caladi Five Nine, C-59 T-shirt manufacturer that has entered the overseas market under the brand C-Forty Nine. He attempted to distinguish between managers, entrepreneurs, and intrapreneurs. From the aspect of freedom of action, managers may be said most are not free. Entrepreneur most free, and intrapreneurs rather free. This is shown in terms of decision making. Managers must agree with the ruling [boss], delaying a decision until you feel what his superiors desired is reached. Entrepreneur follow personal views, make decisions and action-oriented. Intrapreneurs adept invite others approve his view, more patient and more willing to compromise than an entrepreneur, because no matter how intrapreneurs remains an executor.
Reports published the results of discussions by the MANAGEMENT magazine, I think, shows the shift of expectations towards the role of managers in organizations, both business organizations and governmental organizations [especially SOEs and BHMN]. Those who occupy managerial positions are no longer expected to simply perform management functions, because it is not enough to sustain the growth of the organization in the midst of the increasingly rapid flow changes. They are also expected to play a role as an entrepreneur in a certain scale and intensity.
There are a number of questions that still need to find the answer to the shift in expectations on the role of the manager. First, whether it's confirmed death signal "while the party of management science, or simply indicate that management is still necessary, but not enough [Necessary but insufficient]? Second, what about the manager's role as a leader who makes the birth of the term Manager-Leader [among others, used by Andrew Farmer and his colleagues] or the Leader-Manager? Third, if managers can be distinguished by entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs, then what differentiates an entrepreneur and intrapreneurs with a leader? Fourth, if we have a number of examples of cases to prove that the presence of intrapreneurs will make the organization grow to the innovative and creative organization? Fifth, if we want to build an entrepreneurial organization, then what are the necessary preconditions and conditions for it? And so on.
Although never considered the possibility of the death of knowledge management, but lately I realized that the management [in the sense of bureaucracy, rules and procedures] will still be required within certain limits. Management is like a human body that carry out various activities in accordance with the direction of common sense and conscience. The body is important, but not the most important. Failure management paradigm lies in its dominance of the things that can not be dimanajemeni, namely the human spirit. Maybe that's why Gede Prama echoes the concept of management as a spirit. Management is no longer an sich fully reliable.
The first breakthrough break management paradigm is the paradigm of leadership, which began to bloom since the end of the decade of the 80s. If management take care of the objects [Things] and leadership deals with people [people], then in the management of an organization of people and has assets of non-humans, which should take precedence or priority? The answer to this question will answer the question which is more precise terms the Manager-Leader or Leader-Manager.
The second breakthrough is a paradigm breaking entrepreneurial management paradigm, which may be said to welcome the third meilenium, the 21st century. If the paradigm of leadership tried to inspire the human spirit in the organization, then the courage to challenge the paradigm of the entrepreneurial spirit of the act to express in concrete form that can provide benefits to all parties concerned [stakeholders]. It takes a pile of courage to do new things [creative] or to do things in different ways [innovative].
Not too clear to me what kind of attributes that distinguish a leader with an entrepreneur. Both certainly require the courage to act is driven by a particular vision. Both must have a tendency not satisfied with what already exists [status quo], so trying to make changes and updates. But if the focus is directed organizational development through human development within the organization, perhaps it is more close to the matter of leadership. While the focus of organizational development through product development and / or creative services [new] and innovative [different], maybe it's closer to entrepreneurship. Can the human development and development of products / services in the organization strictly separated? I do not know. But I think the issues the organization will move from the leadership-management to entrepreneurial leadership.
If it is true that the leadership of the organization now and in the future requires leadership pattern patterned entrepreneurship [entrepreneurial leadership], then how can we distinguish the character of leadership management?
At this point I think affirmation Raymond WY Kao, a professor at the Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technoligal University, Singapore, it becomes important to be listened to. According to Kao, we must abandon the paradigm that a corporation is a production machine money for the sake of a few people [ie, investors who are busy questioning the ROI of his]. And instead we should use the paradigm that a corporation is a community of entrepreneurs that was created to generate prosperity for individuals and add value to the community. In other words, the welfare of a particular individual [a handful of investors that] can only be received during their efforts to provide added value to the surrounding community. If the increase in individual welfare is measured by Return on investment [ROI], then the value to society is measured by return on labor [ROL, share of the fruit of labor], return on resources [ROR], and Return on environment [ROE]. So with an entrepreneurial approach to leadership, an organization, especially business organizations, may not only preoccupied with the questions how fast and how big the shareholders get his ROI, but also other strategic issues such as the ROL, ROR, and ROE of activity business.
In the political and economic system which is dominated by the paradigm of management, entrepreneurial leader's presence seems to be longing for many parties in this country. He can be expected to overcome the huge gap between the rich and the poor, because he was always concerned about the expansion of employment opportunities and the preservation of the environment in which business takes place. And remember Arie De Geus study in The Living Company [1997], we can say that organizations that are controlled by an entrepreneurial leader will be a business organization that can survive in the long run [hundreds of], because of their concern to the problems of socio-economic and surrounding environment. Demikiankah?
Posted by Andrew Hare Info at 2:33 PM
Labels: Entrepreneurship Series


 

Character Building Leadership
Written by http://elhasyimieahmad.multiply.com
Saturday, 04 June 2011
Leadership is not just a matter of prestige to the position held. Not just a position or how much salary earned, nor a mere intellectual knowledge is high. Leadership is a real action, and more are the result of a long process of change and development (Developmental Process) character or an internal transformation in a person. Read more…..
When someone finds a vision and mission of his life, forming a solid character, and when every utterance and the action began to give effect to the environment, and its presence encourages a change in its organization, that's when someone is born into a true leader. So the leader is not just a title or position that is given from the outside but something that grows and develops from one's self. Every person has the capacity to become leaders, either for himself, his family, work environment, as well as for social environment and even for his country.
Sunday, 06 May 2007. School Student Council Student IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya organized the event with the theme "Building Characters and Developing Leadership Skills" with Kresnayana Yahya as a speaker (Trainer) it. Lecturer Ten November Surabaya Institute of Technology (Indonesia) describes the Basic Leadership (Basic of Leadership) and all aspects associated with leadership. It is unfortunate, because of time constraints, not all the material that he is ready to be submitted entirely in this event. However, from some of the material he had to say enough to make us understand about the basic leadership.

Leadership, demanded a transformation of the (heart) and change a person's character. To become a true leader capable of achieving success takes more than just have the intellectual ability of the leadership. There should be a balance between intellectual ability to ownership of personal character that is well built from quality development of emotional and spiritual capabilities. This is where the importance of character and integrity of a leader to be accepted by the people or groups they lead. A true leader is always looking for new alternatives, develop problem becomes a challenge, to analyze a condition (SWOT: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Treath) and find creative solutions, value innovation and daring to try new things is difficult, and a leader must also think divergent, that is to think ahead, have a clear vision and mission, has a global view, always looking for solutions and possibilities that exist (Possible Answer). Because leaders can be said is a master of possibilities, and salesmen of purpose.

Indeed, a leader must have credibility and capability, (honesty, knowledge, skills, frame of mind etc,) as a true leader is one of encouragement (Encouvager), a motivator, inspiration, and Maximizer. "But most importantly, a leader must have the humility," explained Kresnayana. Because a leader who often favor themselves, are generally more frequent falls. Too often, a true leader is not known "existence" by those they lead, even when the mission or task is completed, all team members will say that they do it themselves. The concept of such thoughts may not be accepted by conventional leaders who actually expect respect and praise (Honor and Prise) of those they lead. So true leadership is leadership that is based on humility (Humble).

A leader (leader) must also have a Job Dimension, such as perseverance, initiative, independence, and being "smart" field. A true leader would have the desire to build and expand their lead. In other words, helping others prepare themselves for their future (Enabler). As John Maxwell's opinion, that the success of a leader is very dependent of the ability to build the people around him, because the success of an organization depends heavily on human resource potential within the organization (Maxwell, Developing the Leaders Around You; 200). "True leaders are leaders who will listen. Listening to the needs, dreams and expectations of those they lead. Because one of the mistakes of a leader is not listening to subordinates (who presided), and only just imitating his boss, "added Kresnayana. Look at your boss as a partner in developing the self. Discuss the topic with her development and Establish a mutually beneficial agreement regarding the expectations and roles, but do not ever forget what a leader's subordinates desire. Leadership does not depend on superior greatness, compassion and mere loyalty, nor is it because of the loyal followers of course.

Next Kresnayana explains, a leader is not enough just to have a heart or character, but also must have a series of "methods" of leadership in order to become effective leaders. Lots of leaders who have character and integrity of a leader, but when it became a formal leader, it is less effective because they do not have a good method. There are some important things in the methods of leadership are:
a. Those who have formal authority to act in accordance with the values of participatory.
b. Effective leadership begins with a clear vision and mission (frame of mind).

Vision, is a power or the power to meakukan changes. Without vision, the leadership has no meaning at all. Just as a journalist had been skeptical for the medium continues to live. This vision that drives an organization continues to grow and learn, and grow in maintaining the survival that can last up to several generations. Finzel makes the term SMART, namely how to set goals in order to avoid themselves become victims of mistakes in leadership. The aim must meet specific criteria (Specific), Measureable (Measured), Attainable (can be reached), Relevant (Relevant), and Trackable (Can be traced).

a. An effective leader is one who is very responsive. It means he is always responsive to any problems, needs, hopes and dreams of those they lead. In addition, always active and proactive in finding solutions to any problems or challenges facing the organization.

b. An effective leader is a coach and companion for those who lead (Performance Couch). It means he has the ability to inspire, encourage and "enabling" of his men in the planning and conduct activities on the ground.

And finally, why do we follow the leader? Course because there is a sense of "trust" and the existence of a conviction against a leader (who leads). Therefore, let not time someone did something "not feasible", because it would eliminate the beliefs of others against him. A trust expensive. Leaders who succeed are the people who have integrity, be able to control himself, able to cooperate with others, open, able to accept criticism, humble, able to understand people well, have a high spirituality and always seek the best for themselves and their people other. And one more thing, to achieve satisfactory results, we should not trapped in our own virtues. Humility is the key to end well and handed the torch of leadership to replace us. Be the Best!


 

TRUE LEADERSHIP
Written by Aribowo Prijosaksono : Sunday, 24 February 2008 - Sinar Harapan 2002
Real leadership is not determined by one's rank or position.
Leadership is something that comes from within and is the fruit of person's decision to want to be a leader, both for himself, for family, work environment, as well as for social environment and even
for his country.
This is said with a straight forward by a general from the U.S. Air Force States :
"I do not think you have to be wearing stars on your shoulders or a title to be a leader. WHO Anybody wants to raise his Hand cans be a leader any time. " -General Ronald Fogleman, U.S. Air Force-
Leadership is a decision and more a result of the process change the character or the internal transformation in a person. Leadership not a position or title, but a birth of a long process of change in a person. When someone finds a vision and mission of his life, when it occurs inner peace (inner peace) and form a solid character building, when every speech and actions begin to give effect to environment, and when its existence to encourage a change in their organizations,
that's when someone is born into a true leader. So the leader is not just title or position that is given from the outside but something that grows and
developing from within oneself. Leadership is born from an internal process (Leadership from the inside out).
When on a day of great Chinese philosopher, Lao Tsu, was asked by his students about who is the real leader, he replied:
As for the best leaders, the people do not notice Their existence .

The next best, the people honor
And praise.
The next, the people fear, And the next the people hate.
When the best leader's work is done, the people say, 'We did it ourselves'.
Instead a true leader is often not discovered by their they lead. Even when the mission or task completed, then all members team will say that they do it themselves. True leader was an encourager (encourager), a motivator, inspiration, and Maximizer. The concept of thinking like this is something new and may not be acceptable by conventional leaders who actually expect respect and praise (Honor and praise) from those they lead. The more praise and even cult,
the higher the heart and forget am left a leader. Precisely true leadership is leadership that is based on humility (humble).
Lessons about humility and true leadership we can get from Nelson Mandela's life story. A great leader of South Africa, which brings nation of a racist country, a democratic and independent country. I witnessed on a TV talk show hosted by presenter Oprah Winfrey's famous, how Nelson Mandela told that during suffering 27 years in prison Apartheid government, it creates changes in him. He experienced a change of character and get peace in himself. So he became a man of humble and willing to forgive them which has made him suffer for years.
As said by a famous author, Kenneth Blanchard, that the leadership starts from the heart and out to serve those lead. Change the character is everything for a true leader. Without a change from within, without peace themselves, without humility, without any strong integrity, durability facing difficulties and challenges, and the vision and clear mission, a person will never become a true leader.
Character A True Leader :
Each of us has the capacity to become leaders. In this paper I introduce a kind of leadership that I call with Q Leader.
Leadership Q in this case has four meanings. First, the Q mean intelligence or intelligence (as in IQ - Intellectual Intelligence, EQ - Intelligence
Emotional, and SQ - Spiritual Intelligence.) Q Leader means a leader who has the intelligence of IQ-EQ-SQ is high enough. Second, the mean Q Leader
leadership that has the quality, both from the aspect of the visionary and managerial aspects.
Third, Q Leader means a leader who has the qi (pronounced 'chi' – language Mandarin, which means life energy.) The meaning is like the fourth Q
popularized by KH Abdullah Gymnastiar as qolbu or inner self. A true leader is someone who truly recognize himself (his qolbu) and can manage and control (self management or qolbu management).
Being a leader means being a leader Q are always learning and constantly growing to reach the level or levels of Q (intelligence - quality - qi - qolbu) higher in the efforts to achieve organizational goals and mission and achievement of the meaning of the life of every person of a leader.
To close this paper, I summarize the leadership of Q in three important aspects and I quickly became the 3Cs, namely:
1. Changes in the character of the self (character change)
2. Clear vision (clear vision)
3. High ability or competence (competence)
Thirdly it is guided by an attitude of discipline to keep grow, learn and grow both internally (development capability intrapersonal, technical skills, knowledge, etc.) as well as in relation to others (the development of interpersonal skills and leadership methods.) As John Maxwell said: "The only way That I cans is to keep leading keep growing. The day I stop growing, somebody else takes the leadership baton. That is the way it always it. "The only way for me to remain a leader is my must always grow. When I stop growing, others will take over the leadership of these.


 

SUPERIOR LEADER
Written by Dr. Dwi Suryanto, Ph.D - www.pemimpin-unggul.com
Ten thousand soldiers were besieged by tens of thousands of Persian soldiers. They lack food, far from the homeland, and is now being besieged. There is not one of them except the desire of flying enemies jump over it and landed safely in their homeland. Diangankan easy, but it is almost impossible to implement. Even more painful, they had just been betrayed by their own leaders. The leader of a cruel, harsh, and cruel was now left them. Now they are confused, chaotic, does not know what to do. . Read more…..
Pressure by narrowing the Persian army as though a giant pincers ready crushed bodies of soldiers had less to eat it. At that time, death becomes best friends who are ready to bring their souls to eternal odyssey. Their zeal to fight has been flying in line with the flight of the leaders who had fled away from them.
Amid groans of despair, suddenly arose Xenophon, one troop leader to take the initiative. Her blood overflow when its leaders fled. He had imagined would happen a massive slaughter of his troops, and the flood of blood from his army will very likely happen. Carrion-eating birds will feast devoured corpses army. Imagining it is, fur kuduknya stand. "This should not happen, I have to do something," said Xenophon thought. Right away he made a speech. No matter how well he is still the leader, then I could not help desperate soldiers were listening to her talk.
First he will bring the soldier home safely. He said there was no use fighting against the mighty Persian army let alone their number many times over. He stressed how they have to maintain morale. He stressed how they should be united and unselfish. He kenangkan also how the sweetness of the situation if they can come together again with their wives, their girlfriends, their children, and their families. The speeches that he made repeatedly. He uses symbols, metaphors metaphors, and words of other pep. He motivated the soldiers to come together and have a high spirit beyond self interest.
Slowly the soldiers who have weak spirit rose. Xenophon's speeches as if the torch that lit dark corners in the hearts of soldiers who were desperate. Finally, the picture returned to my hometown which is still hanging in the sky as blue, they managed to achieve again. Yes, we will go home. Once thought of home, soon reflected wife who pray and expect her husband home safely. Illustrated how their boyfriends who every day stand in front of the house, just to see if her lover had returned from the battlefield. Also illustrated how the children who miss get a warm and loving arms of his father who came home safely. These images try pumped by Xenophon to the minds of its soldiers. So great is the nickname he berorasi until Goddess of persuasion sat upon his lips, which means goddess of persuasion was residing at his lips. In short, he was able to encourage the ten thousand soldiers were to be united.
Eventually they were able to get out of the siege of the Persian army, and returned safely to Greece. This is a dramatic story of the withdrawal of 10,000 troops in and told by Xenophon's Anabasis. Xenophone is a clever clever, disciple and successor at the same time the Greek poets, Socrates. By experts, extraordinary speeches that you want can be classified into transformational leadership behavior. "In war, three-quarters strength lies in the individual characters and relationships, the balance of forces and material lies only in the remaining quarter" - NAPOLEON I.
Actually, since thousands of years ago, scholars have started to get a flash of inspiration against this concept of transformational leadership. Flashes that often stop by in the minds of wise people in the past. Was like a flash of good dreams saints, who said the Prophet Muhammad, the dream is one of the 46 signs of Prophethood. In the days of ancient China, leaders such as Confucius and Ashoka encourages people who hold the power to become the driving force for the creation of high moral his followers. The leaders should be role models for society.
Plato, in ancient Greece, also did not want to lose. He said that if a leader wants to be a charismatic leader, he must learn to make use of symbols and metaphors in leading subordinates. "Managers are people who do things correctly, while leaders are people who do things right." - WARREN Bennis
It had been a bit of a glimpse of transformational leadership. But the discovery process of this concept is very old. New in 1978, James MacGregor, U.S. historian, wrote a monumental work of leadership. Leadership, he said, there are two types, namely transactional leadership and transformational leadership.
Transactional leadership is in the form of exchange of something between two people or more. It is a form of leadership that exist everywhere and most well-known people. Second, transformational leadership. The transformation that occurs, triggered by this leadership includes not only the organization, or group, but also on those where the leadership took place.

"Suddenly I remember when President Soeharto's speech, when he says, 'like it or not, we must be ready not ready to change'. That's our situation. Changed now, and the future will be bright, or die ... "Once there was an opening speech that the company president. Next he explains how if the company does not change, including culture must also change drastically, the company will go bankrupt presumed dead.
Dead? If they died then I work where? Child my wife want to eat what? What of me that the elderly can seek employment elsewhere? That is the question that echoed in the inner space of the employee. Why do companies have to change? Imagine how the future of the dark, dense, dim, make employees unhappy. But once immersed in an atmosphere of sadness, managing director said, that there is a road that can be taken in future if we all work hard and want to change are important.
The next he explained the various measures of organizational change that will be pursued in the future. Finally, the meeting ended, employees returned to work as before. The rhythm of work as usual, nothing has changed. Even though a dramatic speech did not leave the impression to change the way employees work. Meanwhile, the president, the leader, returned to his office that luxury. In a comfortable couch she lay down, not to sleep, but her mind was working on. "It's been relieved of this chest. They already know my plan. If they want to follow this way, I'm sure this company will survive, and they would not be so vagrancy on the roadside. "Her lips a smile of satisfaction. "This is the importance of reading," he muttered again. Ditimangnya English books that teach the change. At the beginning of the book, the author clearly stressed the importance of top management support the change. "I've done in accordance with the book, tomorrow, I stay more to explain the change. Ah, the days of full speech. "
Sure enough, he scheduled meetings where he will be a presentation about the large-scale conversion of which he planned. Like a legislative candidate, he made a speech to nowhere while visiting branch offices in various cities across Indonesia. In your opinion, what is it enough he did for "guarding" the change? As a leadership summit, he was given a vision, has launched a purpose to be achieved, and he also has prepared a strategy that he is telling view to achieving that goal. Moreover, he also has been guided by the book "Change" is so widely read person. Supposedly, he will not be any way whatsoever. Thinking like that, it also haunts many of the experts. They mostly agree that with the support of top management, changing the company will be successful.
The logic is clear, if top management indifference, continued to how there might be "change" and change the behavior of its employees? But among experts there is also a different opinion. Daniel T. Holt and two of his friends from the Air Force Institute of Technology, USA wanted to test how accurate such an opinion. They observed that sometimes there is an opinion that it seems reasonable, and the opinion was immediately accepted as truth. In fact, the opinion was expressed without going through an in-depth research.
One that they considered only as an anecdote is the importance of top management roles in the success of the change. By taking a sample of 339, composed of military officers and civilian employees, they get some interesting conclusions. From this research, it turns out that top management's role is not significant to the change. Indeed, his role there, but not as big as that had been heralded. A very important factor supporting the success of the change is the direct supervisor of employees. How wonderful, how inspired speech changes, there is no meaning if without the support of all levels of employees. In fact, the direct supervisor so important to ensure successful change.
From my research, when I measure employee commitment, employee commitment was greater than his superior commitment to the organization. This gives us information, that the problem of the relationship leader - subordinate becomes very important for successful organizational change. When we went back to the president above cases, what he did was on the right path. He subsequently stayed to direct the management level below to continue the agenda of change. When initiating change, companies usually train employees about the change. From this research also, we concluded that the training was only heightens the perception of employees about "change" which have been proposed.
The training was still not able to change behavior. It's easy to understand, if you are so experienced following the corporate training. When you finish the training, we often forget even to what have been trained. Training will "stick" when drilled can be directly applied in the work. Without it, training it only works to increase knowledge only, and not been able to change behavior.
There is an important factor of organizational change initiatives. Factor is the quality of information delivered. When high-quality information, employees will welcome the change. The case of Enron who told Enron employees still hold shares, while the directors actually sell shares, and then the company was destroyed. It gives us information that the quality of information delivered by top management to be inaccurate and misleading. When you become leader, delivering the right information is important. In a situation such as employees who are relatively educated now, and with the internet era, information can be found anywhere . When the top management to submit half-information, employees will know about it. Once employees know the leadership is hiding something, they tend not to support the initiative.
From earlier research it turns out even the role of the direct supervisor of such a large, unable to ward off doubts about the information that is not accurate. So if you want to do a "change" in your company, be honest to the employees. After that, take the boss to support you. The trick is to support them to invite their subordinates to support the conversion of that organization. This alone while I can tell about strategies to manage change, other than my ditulisan you will find more ... I hope, a string of "wisdom" that little tiny can help you guard " change "that ...
What is it? Did I see different viewpoints, including viewpoints of other employees? Did I think about the impact of this decision on the fate of the employee. Or, is it true what I disconnect it? "That uproar thought leaders decided that after he finished. Risen from his seat, and walked into a large mirror, he said again, staring at her intently in the mirror. "Give me a grip John. In the past you could decide everything with a steady, why not now. Show J Ohn where this kegalauanku. "Johno, leaders were accustomed to talking to himself when he faced great difficulties. Through a question and answer by himself, sometimes loudly and upsetting neighbors space next to the office, he often finds accurate solutions to the problems it faces. What is done by Johno had been a reflection. Reflection is a commitment from someone to question the assumptions used to make decisions.
Sometimes he also asked the things that are "taken for granted" in the form of general things like why people have to work? Why employees should be supervised? Why employee frequently works if not monitored and so offhand. Reflections is different from the thinking as usual. Reflection involves the feelings of uncertainly, doubt, confusion, astonishment, admiration is different from ordinary thinking. He then will seek, hunt, absorbing a variety of information that can be brushed off doubts and doubts that haunt the mind of thought. Reflection is very important for a leader.
In order to achieve his vision, probably ejected are his personal opinions. With a feeling of superiority which sometimes swell imperceptibly, a leader trapped create strategies that might be harmful in the future. At that time he may not take into account the opinion of many. When then something bad happens in the future, he will feel all alone to face the problem. Why? Because he did not ask for or take into account the opinions of others, who might provide a more objective view of the problem. According to Brookfield (1995), a management expert says, "When self-reflection is not present in a leader, there is certainly a risk of making bad decisions. "But there is also a tendency for leaders did not want to reflect. Why? Due to the reflection he will return to question the things he has been considered correct.
For example, because subordinates do not work well, as a leader, it's worth it berated employees. Because this is considered correct, when this leader saw his subordinate one, he automatically would get angry. If the leaders are willing to reflection, he may recognize why he is always angry with people. He knows anger is not good. Sometimes the fires rage was still echoing when he mingle with his family. After reflection, he would find other ways to more effectively deal with employee errors. He may also find that the anger that was a reflection of himself when he as a subordinate and often "sprayed" cursing his boss. Now, unconsciously, he wanted "revenge" to scold his subordinates, though sometimes not how big mistake.
When people do reflection, he became a person who has an open mind. There is a heart chamber to hear the other side of their own opinions. He became so concerned about others of different views. He eventually would recognize even the most robust trust was actually still be questionable. For example, business goals is to maximize profit. You would agree, because this is the "basic tenets of" the business world. The question is whether earnings should be the maximum? Because the answer is yes, then there was the destruction of nature as easily we see today.
Basic philosophy of science business today is from the Greek - Roman. That is the result of human thought. Because the man's work, then the truth is very limited, very relative. Supposedly, that philosophy is a source of revelation. Due to the nature of transcendental revelation, the truth will remain valid throughout the period. Now these thinkers began to question the truth "dogmas" of business that seems to be accepted as absolute truth. Want an example? This slogan is so dominated the world of business. "The customer is king" or "only the strongest and the fastest wins" or "small is beautiful", or "Your business should focus" and so forth.
What is the slogan that's true? Many things that are questionable veracity, and that if we want to reflect. With reflection, there will be a responsibility to actively seek the truth, and the ground truth, a leader will make the best decision. When the reflection, he will break fears and concerns that had been attacked by the leader's soul. It may be that the decisions he has been doing more than an expression of his fear of something, and not on corporate interests. If the leaders would routinely do a reflection, then slowly but surely, he will be stepping into an excellent leader, an ethical leader, and if he looked back, he will not regret the decision he has taken ...



 
Leadership Model Prophet
Written by Dra. Hj. Tina Yulistina Sunday, 24 February 2008
PROPHET in the Muslim consciousness is exemplary in all things (Uswah repertoire). In the words of Iqbal, "Love to the Prophet flows like blood in the uraturat his people "or the painting of Rumi," This is my friend, this is my doctor, this is my teacher, this is my medication "(Hadza habibi, Hadza thabibi, Hadza adibi, Hadza dawa'i).
History teaches that the Prophet's leadership model has really been able to change the original look on the history of primitive (ignorance) to be civilized in time relatively short for 23 years. Yahdi minaz zulumati nur ilan. Success amazing that the other day to make an orientalist Hart in his book lift one hundred leaders who changed the world he no doubt put Muhammad in the first place.
Leadership model developed by none other than Prophet essentially based on sturdy morality. The Prophet as a leader of people and communities really portray himself as someone who has a noble character is exemplary
in all things. In fact, morality is also the theme and appeal "Campaign" of the minutes of the socialized during his prophetic career so can suck people to become loyal followers without diiming iming
material, a congregation with extraordinary selflessness. "I was sent not another to improve the morals, "said the Prophet.
Morality or the morality of what kind of leadership that developed this prophet? Minimal we may note five important character inherent in the leadership of the Prophet.
First, he is a person that is able to soak the equitable sense of justice to all parties without exception.
Justice at the hands of the Prophet is never sacrificed in the name of any such reflection
from his teaching, "Let not hatred of a people to make you not justice "(Surah 5:8). The Prophet was well aware that justice is a window to to realize a prosperous society. In the language of the Qur'an, justice is a tool to embrace piety (Sura 5:8) and self-restraint is the prerequisite for the opening of sustenance
from heaven (Sura 7:96).
Listed in a history, a day in Medina economic scandal involving a woman from the elite circles of power (al-mar'ah al-Syarifah) then the friends come together and the result is one of them diutuslah
to meet the Prophet and asked for leniency for this woman.
What is the answer of the Prophet? Firmly Prophet said, "Remember, that was real destroy the Jewish people first is because the law has been indiscriminately. Remember! If Fatima the corruption of my own kids, then I will personally cut off his hand! "Leader of a fair future, says the Prophet, is" one of the
seven groups will be protected in nature mahsyar. "
Secondly, the Prophet actually lead with a touch of love, empathy and sympathetic that matchless dedicated to all his people. So his love of the Prophet to its people to the point that the words that came out of his mouth when he was about exhaled breath was the knot of his passion, "ummati ... ummati ...
ummati "(how the fate of my people will someday ...). Even more than that love him too allocated for animals and nature as reflected in the policies making the area Hima (nature reserve) in Medina and Mecca around the forbidden land in where the soil is not allowed anyone to kill animals even revoke a blade of grass. A picture will be a fascinating ecological consciousness.
Thirdly, the Prophet is the leader who always spoke the truth (Shidiq). He is well aware that the words were not just going to take effect on the environment but also could result in the Hereafter. He always guided by the principle,
"If not properly and honestly can say it is better still."
Fourth, he was the leader who always upholds the trust. He did not promise unless the promise was never kept. Al-amin or a trusted person in advance day is the attribute inherent in him. The attitude of trust which is not recognized only by his friends alone even by those with different beliefs once did. Because every decision taken amanahnya always satisfy all parties.
Fifth, the Prophet is the leader who has intelligence above average (fathanah). The words that came out of his mouth and virtues that he took into evidence Happenings Prophet intelligence. When the Prophet spoke, although briefly, for example, then the words It really saves a profound meaning. In contrast to our habits, katakatanya but poor long meaning.
Sixth, the Prophet always be transparent (tabligh). He convey any truth and diluruskannya everything that is considered wrong. In his hands there is no truth hidden. Moreover, in conveying the truth was, the Prophet
do so in ways that wise (al-wisdom) said words that polite (almauidzhah al-hasanah) accompanied by a solid reason and logic (al-mujadalah).
Those are some models of leadership values that developed the Prophet. as authorized capital in making social change towards the better. Values that's exactly what should be a primary consideration when we
choose a leader. Because somehow all the leadership and among those who appointed him as the leader of all be held accountable (Kullukum ra'in kukullukum mas'ulun wa 'an raiyyatih). Once we betray the trust
leadership, then we actually have done a betrayal to the Apostle even to God (Sura 8: 27-28 ).***
The writer, a housewife, an alumnus of Fak. Institute of Islamic Sharia Musyadadiyah Garut